Renewable Energy Permitting in Virginia
Virginia is a strong, established solar market with progressive legislation supporting renewable development. The state offers full retail rate net metering and a deregulated electricity market.
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Key Permitting Highlights in Virginia
Full retail rate net metering
8,398 MW projected growth (ranks 10th)
Virginia Energy Choice program
$6.8 billion total solar investment
Overview
Virginia has emerged as a top-10 solar market with 5.8 GW installed capacity and $6.8 billion in investment. The state implemented progressive legislation including the Virginia Clean Economy Act, driving significant renewable development. Virginia operates a deregulated electricity market (Virginia Energy Choice) allowing customers to select their supplier, active since 2007. Major utilities include Dominion Energy and Appalachian Power.
Permitting Guide
Common Challenges & Landmines
Local moratoria + ordinance churn (solar setbacks, BESS bans, decommissioning bonds) are usually the #1 surprise cost. Stormwater + erosion compliance (CGP/SWPPP) enforcement risk + stop-work exposure. Wetlands/401/404 + floodplain can be route/site killers—plan alternatives early. BESS fire code adoption + AHJ posture: IFC/NFPA 855/UL 9540A documentation expectations vary by locality.
Tax Considerations
Property tax is commonly local and negotiable; incentives are often deal-specific.
Data Center Considerations
Incentives vary widely and often include sales/use exemptions and sometimes property tax relief.
Net Metering Programs
Both Dominion Energy and Appalachian Power offer full retail rate net metering at approximately 14.38 cents/kWh. Residential systems are capped at 25 kW, non-residential at 3,000 kW, and agricultural systems at 500 kW (aggregated). Monthly excess credits at retail rate, with annual excess at avoided cost. Dominion customers with systems over 15 kW may be subject to standby charges.
Interconnection Process
Applications are submitted through utility portals (Dominion's Net Metering Self-Service Portal or Appalachian Power's PowerClerk). The process includes application validation, engineering review, electrical inspection, and meter exchange. Typical timeline is 4-6 weeks for review, with meter exchange taking up to 30 days residential or 60 days commercial. Systems must be certified by a licensed Virginia electrician.
REC Market
Virginia RECs trade at approximately $41/MWh (August 2024). Utilities may use RECs from facilities within Virginia or PJM territory through 2024. Beginning in 2025, 75% of Dominion's RECs must originate from Virginia facilities, supporting in-state development.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I choose my electricity supplier in Virginia?
Yes, Virginia Energy Choice allows customers with 5 MW or greater demand (including qualified pooled residential customers) to shop for electric supply. Individual customers can also purchase 100% renewable energy from alternative providers. Competitive Service Providers must be registered with the State Corporation Commission.
What are the net metering requirements?
Systems must use eligible renewable fuel generators, meet NEC and IEEE safety standards, and be sized appropriately for the customer class (25 kW residential, 3 MW non-residential). Net metering is offered on a first-come basis until generating capacity reaches 1% of the utility's adjusted peak load forecast.
How Spark Accelerates Development in Virginia
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Zoning Analysis
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Permit Tracking
Monitor permit timelines and requirements across Virginia jurisdictions.
Community Sentiment
Understand local attitudes toward energy development in Virginia communities.
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