Renewable Energy Permitting in Wisconsin
Wisconsin offers net metering through multiple utilities including We Energies, Alliant, Wisconsin Public Service, and Xcel Energy, with buyback rates and 120% consumption-based system sizing.
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Key Permitting Highlights in Wisconsin
Net metering through multiple utilities
Systems up to 5 MW eligible (Alliant)
Buyback rates $0.03-0.04/kWh
Focus on Midwest utilities
Overview
Wisconsin's solar market is served by multiple utilities including We Energies, Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power & Light), Wisconsin Public Service (WPS), Xcel Energy, and Madison Gas & Electric. Net metering programs vary by utility with buyback rates generally ranging from $0.03-0.04/kWh. The state does not have retail electricity choice or significant state-level incentive programs, making utility programs and federal incentives the primary drivers.
Permitting Guide
Common Challenges & Landmines
Local moratoria + ordinance churn (solar setbacks, BESS bans, decommissioning bonds) are usually the #1 surprise cost. Stormwater + erosion compliance (CGP/SWPPP) enforcement risk + stop-work exposure. Wetlands/401/404 + floodplain can be route/site killers—plan alternatives early. BESS fire code adoption + AHJ posture: IFC/NFPA 855/UL 9540A documentation expectations vary by locality.
Tax Considerations
Property tax is commonly local and negotiable; incentives are often deal-specific.
Data Center Considerations
Incentives vary widely and often include sales/use exemptions and sometimes property tax relief.
Net Metering Programs
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power & Light) offers net metering for systems up to 5 MW with buyback rates around $0.04/kWh based on time-of-use periods. Xcel Energy provides approximately $0.03/kWh buyback for systems sized up to 120% of customer consumption. Each utility has specific rate schedules and interconnection requirements.
Utility Landscape
Wisconsin is served by We Energies in southeastern Wisconsin, Alliant Energy in south-central Wisconsin, Wisconsin Public Service in northeastern Wisconsin, and Xcel Energy in western Wisconsin. Madison Gas & Electric serves the Madison metro area. Each utility has distinct service territories, rate structures, and interconnection processes.
Market Considerations
Without retail choice, community solar legislation, or a state REC/SREC market, Wisconsin solar economics depend heavily on utility buyback rates and federal incentives. Projects are typically sized to offset on-site consumption given the modest buyback compensation for excess generation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the net metering rates in Wisconsin?
Buyback rates vary by utility, generally ranging from $0.03-0.04/kWh. Alliant offers time-varying rates with High, Regular, and Low pricing periods. Xcel provides approximately $0.03/kWh. These rates are significantly below retail, so systems are typically sized to maximize self-consumption.
Is there a state REC or SREC market?
No, Wisconsin does not have a state REC or SREC market. There is no community solar program or significant state-level solar incentives. Project economics rely on utility buyback rates, federal ITC, and any utility-specific incentive programs that may be available.
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